Method of and die for producing forgings



-' C. G. HEIBY, C. A. HILL AND D. E. LINDQUIST MMMMMMMMMM 0 DIE FOR PRODUCING FORGINGS.

I APPLICATION FILED JAN. 17, 1918. 1,373,726. Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

3 $HEETS-SHEET I.

(June/Mow C. G. HEIBY, C. A. HILL AND D. E. LINDQUIST.

' Patented Apr. 5,1921.

3 SHEET$-SHEET 3.

a 144mb f on UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL G. HEIBY, CHARLES A. HILL, AND DAVID E. LINDQUIST, OF SARNIA, ONTARIO,

CANADA, ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO MUELLER METALS COMPANY,

OF PORT HURON, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

METHOD OF AND DIE FOR PRODUCING FORGINGS.

. Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

Application filed January 17, 1918. Serial No. 212,283.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CARL G. HEIBY, CHARLES A. HILL, and DAVID E. LiNn UIsT,

citizens of the United States, residin at or slugs, which slugs may be produced ini-- tially in any convenient manner, as by casting as individual slugs or by cutting in ap propriate lengths from commercial rod, or

in any convenient or desirable manner, it

being understood that the initial formation of the slugs is not of importance so far as the present invention is concerned.

The primary object of the invention is to produce from a slug a forging which is of greater length than the length or-thickness of the slugs of which the forging is made, the advantage of this being that a slug of relatively large diameter and short length may be utilized to produce forgings of substantially any desired length and form, the construction and action of the dies being such that when the blank is subjected to the action of the forging press the metal will be confined in such a manner as that, flowing alongthe lines of least resistance, it will be elongated in the axial line of the die, so as to reduce the blank or slug in diameter and give a forged body which 'has been materially elongated -compared to the thickness of the blank.

Furthermore the construction and action of the die is such thatv the dross which'is usually found on the periphery of cast slugs is pinched off or. eliminated in the form of an outstanding fin or flash, thus excluding from the body of the forging the undesirable dross impurities, leaving the core or heart only of pure metal to be drawn or forged into the article being produced.

It will be obvious that the method and dies may be used in the production of various articles, die cavities and projections be ing fashioned to suit the needs of the particular article being formed. In the present illustration and description the invention is shown as capable of producing forgings for time fuse bodies, but this disclosure i merely illustrative, and in no sense restrictlve of the invention, as its use is contemplated in the production of articles other than that shown.

In order that the same may be clear to those skilled in the art, there is shown in the accompanying drawings one embodiment of the invention, such drawings illustrating the several steps of the method and die capable of producing the particular article used to' illustrate the invention.

In said drawings:

Figure 1 is a view, partly in section, of I the upper half or top forging die.

Fig. 2 is a view in section of the bottom fogging die.

' ig. 3 is a sectional view showing the dies with a blank in position to be forged.

Fig. 4 shows the blank partially formed into a fuse body.

Fig. 5 shows a fuse body after compression and before it has been removed from the die and trimmed.

Fig. 6 shows a forged and trimmed fuse body before it has been subjected to the machining operations.

Fig. 7 is a detail view, somewhat enlarged,

to show the action of the dies in eliminating surface impurities from the slugs or stock from which the articles are forged.

Fig. 8 is a view in side elevation of a slug or blank adapted for the forging operation.

Referring to the drawings by numbers, like numbers indicating like parts in the several views, 10 indicates the head of the top forging die and 11 indicates a bottom block for the head 10, which is removably secured there to in order that, if the die parts proper be made separate from the die head, they may be readily removed when worn or broken. I

It will be understood, however, that while the die parts are as herein shown as removable, the invention is not limited to such make-up of the dies, as theymay, if desired, be formed as an integral structure.

Mounted in the die head thus above de scribed is the die proper 12, which, in the present instance, is shown as being provided.

with a depending annular projection 13, and having a central orifice or bore to receive a centrally disposed die 14 having a central projection and an annular rim, the S id die 14 projecting downwardy into the cavity .of the die member 12. This central member 14 is preferably, although not necessarily, madeseparate from the die member 12, in order that, as above stated, the part if worn or broken may be readily removed. The top forging die above described cooperates with a bottom forging die, comprising as herein shown a bed piece 15, the block 16 adapted to be suitably secured to the bed piece, and the die proper 17, which is inserted in the block 16 and suitably secured. The die proper 17 has at its upper end an annular chamber. 18, which is of slightly greater diameter than the annular projection 13 on the top forglng die just described, so that the projection or rim 13 has a loose fit within the chamber 18 when the die members come together in forging the-blank. Just below the annular cham-- ber 18 is a slightly smaller chamber 19, preferably having a sloping or beveled wall as shown, and concentrically placed with respect to the chambers 18 and 19 is a cavity 20 of reduced diameter, which cavity is designed to form the reduced part of the fuse body. The bottom of the cavity 20 is closed by the upper end 21 of a knock-out rod mounted in a chamber 22 in the bed block 15, and capable of slight movement therein, the body portion 23 of the knock-out rod fitting the chamber 22, and being capable of reciprocation therein. The portion 21 of the knockout rod which forms the bottom of the chamber 20 has preferably a pro jection 24, which serves to form a cavity or de ression in the end of the forging.

Re erring to Fig. 3 the slug 25, as there shown, is preferably slightly beveled at its lower end, and this beveling, (see Fig. 8)

is preferably done by machining, so that the rough outer skin of the casting, which contains dross and other impurities, will be eliminated from the beveled portion which is set in the chamber 19, and, furthermore, the top and bottom of the slug will preferably be machined off, leaving the major part of the periphery of the casting with the outer skin of dross, which outer skin is removed conveniently during the'forging operation, as will be hereinafter described. This beveled portion fitssnugly the chamber 19 having the beveled wall heretofore described, so that, as shown in Fig. 3, the slug rests against the inclined sides and upon the bottom of the chamber 19, bridging the reduced cavity 20 ready for action of the dies. 'The'initial action of the dies is indicated in Fi 4, in which partial compression of a b ank is shown, the metal of the slug being forced to flow in longitudinal directions upwardly and downwardly into the cavities of the upper.- and lower dies, the annular projection or rim 13 on the upper die cooperating with the cavity of the lower die, so as to confine the body of the metal against lateral flow, and compel it to take the longitudinal flow ind1- cated.

As has been stated the slugs from wh1ch these articles are forged, particularly those slugs which are cast, have a-peripheral skin of dross and like impurities, which it IS desirable to exclude from the completed articles. The action of the dies heretofore described is such that this peripheral skin is pinched off as the dies come together, and flows, together with a slight amount of the pure metal, laterally and upwardly 1n the present formation of dies, so that it comes to substantially the position shown in Fig. 5, as indicated at 26, in the form of a thin outstanding fin or flash, which flash may be trimmed off after the forging ,has been removed in any suitable manner.

It will be seen that the relation of the annular projection 13 of, the upper die, and

the cooperating chamber 18 of the lower die, as best shown in Figs. 3, 5 and 7, is such that the outer" skin of dross is forced to flow laterally and upwardly away from the top of the bevel walled chamber 19, and finally takes the form of the outstanding flash 26 heretofore mentioned, which is projected clear of the body of the forging, so that its trimming off is a matter which may be very readily accomplished with a minimum expenditure of time and labor, it preferably being simply sheared off in a shearing press of proper dimensions.

This lateral flowing out of the fin or flash is due to the fact that. as the die members come together,'and the metal of the blank begins to flow into the cavities, the dross and impure skin of the annular portion of I the blank 25, which is above the chamber 19, will be scraped or pinched off by the edge formed by the junction of the inclined wall of the chamber'19 and the bottom ofthe chamber 18, this pinched ofi' material, as stated, flowing outwardly and upwardly between the outer wall of the projection 13 and the wall of the chamber 18. The inclined wall of the chamber 19, which prevents lateral displacement and flow of the metal, promotes, of course, the longitudinal flow of the metal, the tendency of the metal being to flow downwardly along the inclined w'all toward the central chamber 20. v

The continued action of the die is indicated in Fig. 5, from which it will be seen that the metal has been forced completely into the die cavities, the lower reduced end of the forging resting upon the top 21 of the knock-out rod and having formed therein a suitable cavity by the die projection 24 at the top ofthe knock-out rod.

The resulting forging-is shown in Fig. 6, from which it will be observed that a fuse body of substantially finished form, having the necessary exterior formation and partively thin shallow blank, this flow of the metal under great compression insuring the elimination of faults, if any, which exist in the original slug.

In Fig. 7 is shown a detail which illustrates very clearly the action of the dies in pinching off this peripheral skin of dross, the die portions being of slightly different shape than those disclosed in .the other views, so that this fin or flash 27 fiows upwardly, as indicated, between the wall of the depending projection 28 of the upper die and the wall of the annular chamber 29. It will be observed that the body of the slug is completely confined and cannot escape or flow laterally, but is compelled to take longitudinal flow to give the elongated shape to the final article, while, at the same time, the undesirable surface impurities are eliminated.

It is obvious that by this method and apparatus very perfect forgings may be made from east stock or slugs, and the necessity of preliminarily removing surface --impuri-' ties from the stock is done away with, so that the production of these articles is expedited, and the saving in time and labor to secure a forged blank which is substantially in finished form, and other pure metal ready for the slight machining and finishing operations necessary, is effected.

We claim:

1..The method of producing a forged articlefree from surface impurities from a blank having an impure skin or outer surface, which consists in subjecting such blank to the action of forging dies to bring it to the required shape and simultaneously therewith forging off by die action the outer skin of the blank.

2. The method of producing a forged article free from surface impurities from a blank having an impure skin or outer surface, which consists in subjecting such blank to the action of forging dies to bring it to the required shape and simultaneously therewith causing the outer skin of the blank to be forged off and projected in the form of an outstanding flash.

3. The method of producing a forged article of greater length than the thickness of the blank from which it is formed from a blank having an impure outer skin, which consists in subjecting such blank to the action of dies which confine the body of the blank against lateral flow, but permit longitudinal flow thereof, and simultaneously causing the outer impure skin of the blank to flow laterally and be projected in the form of a fin or flash.

4. The method of producing a forged article free from surface impurities, which consists in machining off a portion of a blank, confining the machined portion of said blank in a die cavity to prevent its lateral flow, subjecting the blank to the. action of dies 'to cause the metal to flowlongitud-inally, and simultaneously causing the lateral flow of the outer skin of the unmachin'ed portions of said blank to project it in the form of a laterally disposed fin or flash.

5. In a die for producing a forged article free from dross and surface impurities, a

die member having a blank receiving and confining chamber, an annular chamber of larger diameter adjacent said blank receiving chamber, a second die member having blank upsetting means, and means to cause the outer: skin of said blank to flow in a lateral direction andjbe projected from the forging in the form of an annular fin or flash.

6. In a die for producing a forged article free from dross and surface impurities, a'

die member having a chamber to receive and confine a portlon of sa1d blank, an annular chamber of larger diameter adjacent said.

blank receiving chamber, a second die member having blank upsetting means, and

means carried by one of said dies to cause the outer skin of said blank to flow'in a lateral direction into said annular chamber and be projected from the forging in the form of an annular fin or flash.

7. In a die for producing a forged article of greater length than the thickness of the blank from which it is formed, a die member having a blank receiving chamber provided with an annular seat to engage the outer edge of a blank, an inclined wall to confine the metal of the blank against lateral flow and to assist in causing longitudinal flow, an open ended centrally disposed chamber of smaller diameter leading from said blank receiving chamber, a movable knock-out rod mounted in the lower end of said last named chamber and forming the bottom thereof, a second die member having blank up-setting means and forging cavities.

8. In a die for producing a forged article of greater length than the thickness of the blank from which it is formed, a die member having a chamber provided with a blank supporting seat and a wall to prevent lateral flow ofmetal, a reduced chamber extending longitudinally of the die from said blank receiving chamber, a second die member having blank upsetting means, and an annular forging rim cooperating with said die receiving chamber to prevent lateral flow of the metal of the blank and insure longitudinal flow-into the die cavities.

9. In a die for producing a forged article I of greater length than the thickness of the said first named die member to prevent lateral flow of the metal of the blank.'

10. In a die for producing a forged article of greater length than the thickness of the blank from which it is formed, a die member having a blank receiving chamber provided with an annular seat to engage the outer edge of the blank, and an inclined wall to confine the metal of the blank against lateral flowand assist in causing longitudinal flow, an open ended centrally disposed chamber of smaller diameter leading from said blank receiving chamber, a movable knock-out rod mounted in the lower end of said last named chamber and forming the bottom thereof, a second d1e member having 7 blank upsetting means and forging cavities,

and means on said second die member cooperating with said blank receiving chamber to prevent lateral flow of the metal of the blank.

11. In a die for producing a forged article, a die member having a passage therethrough forming a forging cavity, a knockout rod movable in said passage and forming the bottom of the forging cavity, and a second die member cooperating with said first named die member.

12. In a die for producing a forged article, a die member having a passage therethrough forming a forging cavity, a knockout rod having a forging surface at the top thereof movable in said passage and forming the bottom of the forging cavity, and a second die member cooperating with said first named die member. v

13. The method of producing a forged article from a cast slug which consists in machining off a portion of said slug, seating the machined portion of said slug in a die cavity which confines the metal of the machined portion against lateral flow, and then subjecting the slug to the action of forging dies to give shape to the article andsimultaneously pinch ofi the outer skin of the unmachined portion.

14. The method of producing a forged article from a cast slug, which consists in machining off on a bevel a portion of the periphery of said slug, seating said slug in a die cavity having an inclined wall which confines the machined portion against lateral flow, and then subjectingthe slug to the action of forging dies to We shape to the article and simultaneous y therewith pinch oil the outer skin of the unmachined portion in the form of a; laterally projected fin or flash.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands.

CARL G. HEIBY. CHARLES A. HILL. DAVID E. LIN DQUIST. 

